For Mohamed Elnaggar, Managing Director, Adnann Contracting, evaluating the quality and reliability of air movement and air treatment equipment is a vital prerequisite for ensuring a healthy indoor environment in commercial or residential projects. Following such steps, as reviewing engineering controls, Elnaggar says, involves assessing system design for Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), including air treatment, dissemination control strategies, and the use of information technology for monitoring and controlling air quality. “Following guidelines from organisations like ASHRAE can help determine acceptable indoor air pollutant levels and ventilation requirements,” he says.

Elnaggar highlights the importance of performance specifications, product testing and certification, manufacturer’s reputation, IAQ monitoring and assessment, energy efficiency, maintenance and serviceability, warranty and support. He recommends conducting pilot testing, if possible. “Pilot testing the equipment in a controlled environment allows you to observe its performance over time,” he says.

Weighing in, Imran Shaikh, Director of MEP (Middle East), Ramboll, says comprehensive assessment typically is conducted using various criteria, such as the manufacturer’s reputation, adherence to international and local standards, third-party certifications and performance data. “Additionally, we evaluate the equipment’s operational history in similar environments and consult peer reviews and client feedback,” he says, adding that factors such as energy efficiency, durability, maintenance requirements and environmental impact are paramount. Although pricing is considered, it is secondary to the long-term benefits and operational savings offered by high-quality, efficient equipment, he says.

In Elnaggar’s view, a building owner’s preferences play a crucial role, where the allocated budget influences the range of equipment options. Equally, he says, project timelines affect system selection due to varying installation times. He says the physical characteristics of a building, including its size and shape, also determine the suitability of specific equipment types, and the intended use of the building affects air quality and comfort requirements. Architectural limitations and structural constraints, he says, may also dictate system choices. Considering the lifecycle cost – which includes installation, operation, maintenance and disposal – is important, he says, adding that systems that are easier to operate and maintain offer greater reliability and longevity.

Furthermore, Elnaggar says, balancing short-term and long-term considerations is vital; energy-efficient equipment, though potentially more expensive upfront, can significantly reduce long-term costs and improve air quality, providing health and environmental benefits. He says that while the initial purchase price is important, it should not be the sole factor; cheaper equipment might lead to higher operational costs and a larger environmental footprint, if it lacks efficiency and durability. He advocates prioritising energy efficiency and durability, claiming they lead to long-term financial health and environmental benefits.

Pricing structures

Elnaggar says higher-quality equipment command a premium price due to superior materials, construction and performance capabilities. Suppliers often offer volume discounts for bulk purchases, affecting unit prices for large projects, he notes. As for custom-designed systems, tailored to specific needs and equipment featuring the latest technology or innovative features, they are understandably typically priced higher, he says. Regional factors, such as manufacturing costs, taxes and import duties, can also influence prices, he says.

Shaikh says: “Pricing structures can vary significantly based on the brand, technology and added features. Unfortunately, a capex-focused approach can sometimes lead building owners to opt for counterfeit products, compromising quality and safety. While not rampant, this issue is significant enough to warrant strict due diligence and supplier verification.”

Smart technologies

Modern equipment, Shaikh says, frequently incorporates energy[1]efficient motors, advanced filtration systems and smart controls, all of which reduce energy consumption and operational costs. He adds that these systems not only decrease greenhouse gas emissions but also provide substantial cost savings over their lifecycle, thereby improving both environmental sustainability and economic viability. Shaikh highlights that future advancements are expected to emphasise on smart technologies, enhanced energy-recovery systems and integration with building management systems. Developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) will enable predictive maintenance and more efficient operation, further promoting sustainability and cost-effectiveness in the sector, he says.

Ductwork systems

Speaking specifically on air movement, Elnaggar highlights that the design of ductwork systems is crucial for minimising leakage, requiring compatibility with the system’s operating pressure and adherence to different pressure classifications. He says that regular leakage testing is essential to ensure the system operates as designed, maintains optimal operational costs, and addresses environmental and energy[1]saving concerns. Leaks typically occur at seams and joints, he says, adding that they should be sealed with mastic or aluminum tape to ensure a durable seal. Broadly speaking, he says, regular inspections and maintenance help identify and fix leaks early, preventing energy loss. Ductwork, he says, should be isolated and sealed before completion, with sections pressurised using specialised equipment. Adding to this, Shaikh says: “We employ rigorous design protocols, including the use of high[1]quality materials, precision-sealing techniques, and regular inspection and maintenance schedules. Additionally, we incorporate advanced modelling tools to ensure optimal duct design and airflow efficiency.”

Regulations and standards

Touching upon a crucial aspect, Shaikh says the UAE is actively strengthening its regulations to promote sustainability and energy efficiency. Future standards, he says, are expected to enforce stricter energy performance requirements and mandatory certifications for HVAC systems, aligning with global best practices. He notes that regional regulations are increasingly aligning with international standards while addressing the unique climatic challenges of the Middle East. He points to the emphasis on energy efficiency and sustainability, which he adds is comparable to that in leading regions like Europe and North America, yet tailored to local environmental conditions. Weighing in, Elnaggar says: “Climate change is leading to more stringent building regulations and air quality standards worldwide. While there are commonalities in the goals of these regulations – such as improving air quality and energy efficiency and reducing environmental impact – the specific standards and approaches can vary significantly, based on local conditions and priorities.”